OAuth let’s to authenticate using different methods. A grant is a method of acquiring an access token. Deciding which grants to implement depends on the type of client the end user will be using, and the experience intended for the users.
Client Credentials Grant: Example when two machines need to communicate to each other, e.g. two APIs.
Authorization Code Grant: The flow that occurs when user login to a service using Twitter, GitHub, Google etc.
Implicit Grant: Similar to Authorization Code, only it’s user-based.
Password Grant: Users login using combination username/email and password.
Refresh Grant: Used to generate a new token when the old one has expires.
Read Official specification.
Image Source: https://oauth2.thephpleague.com/authorization-server/which-grant/