Virtual machine using virtualbox & vagrant

• Configure Vagrant
• Networking
• Vagrant Up
• File Sharing
• Server Network
• Basic Command
• Basic Software

Configure Vagrant 🔗

On Mac: 🔗

mkdir -p ~/Sites/sfh
cd ~/Sites/sfh
vagrant init ubuntu/<codename>64

On Windows: 🔗

mkdir C:\sfh
cd C:\sfh
vagrant init ubuntu/<codename>64

File: Vagrantfile 🔗

VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"

Vagrant.configure(VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION) do |config|

config.vm.box = "ubuntu/<codename>64"

end

Networking 🔗

File: Vagrantfile 🔗

VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"

Vagrant.configure(VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION) do |config|

config.vm.box = "ubuntu/<codename>64"

config.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.33.10"

end

Notes :

• The private_network directive tells Vagrant to setup a private network. PC host and guest machines can communicate on this network. This assigns the guest server the IP address of 192.168.33.10. Note that each server should have a unique IP address just in case they are run at the same time.

• There are IP address ranges set aside for private networks. Generally we can use 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255. However, always avoid the lower and upper IP addresses within those ranges, as they are often reserved.

Vagrant Up 🔗

This will download the ubuntu/64 base server (“box”) and run it with our set configuration.

vagrant up

Once it completed check the status

vagrant status

Run vagrant ssh to log into the server

vagrant ssh

Try command : 🔗

• ll - A buit-in alias for the command ls -alF, this will list all files within the current directory
• lsb_release -a - A command to show all release information about this server
• top - A command to show running processes and various system information. Use the ctrl+c keyboard shortcut to return to the prompt.
• clear - A command to clear currently visible output within your terminal
• df -h - See how much hard drive space is used/ available

File Sharing 🔗

A Vagrantfile with the default file sharing configuration in place. This allows us to edit files from our host machine while running the server software within our guest server:

#File: Vagrantfile
VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION = "2"

Vagrant.configure(VAGRANTFILE_API_VERSION) do |config|

config.vm.box = "ubuntu/<codename>64"

config.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.33.10"

# Share Vagrantfile's directory on the host with /vagrant on the guest
config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant"

end

List the contents of the /vagrant directory within server:

ls -la /vagrant

create a new text file in ∼/Sites/sfh named hello.txt:

echo "Hello World" > ~/Sites/sfh/hello.txt

# See files in /vagrant
cd /vagrant
ls -la

# Output the content of "hello.txt"
# with the "cat" command
# Output: "Hello World"
cat /vagrant/hello.txt

Server Network 🔗

check out the network configuration.

ifconfig

The result, each network is called an “interface”.

• lo - The loopback interface. This is used for internal communication between services within the server. This is “localhost” - 127.0.0.1.
• eth0 and eth1 - These are two additional networks created as well. We can see the IP address we assigend the server at eth1 - 192.168.22.10. The server also has its own private network, with the IP address 10.0.2.15 assigned to this machine.

Basic Command 🔗

ls - List Directory Contents 🔗

# List contents of current working directory
ls

# List contents in a list form, with extra information:
ls -l

# List contents, including "hidden" files/folders
ls -la

# Add human-readable file/folder sizes:
ls -lah

cd - Change Directory 🔗

# Change into the "/home/user/sites/sfh" directory.
cd /home/user/sites/sfh

# Same as above, but with the "~" shortcut
# to the current users home directory
cd ~/sites/sfh

mkdir - Create a directory 🔗

# Create the `sfh` directory
# inside of /home/user/sites/sfh
mkdir ~/sites/sfh

# Create the /home/user/sites/sfh directory and
# any directory in between that doesn't exist
mkdir -p ~/sites/sfh

rm - Delete a file or directory 🔗

# Delete (permanently) the `file.ext` file.
rm /path/to/file.ext

# Delete (recursively) the `/path/to/directory` directory.
rm -r /path/to/directory

# the additional `f` flag is to "force" the action,
# without prompting to make sure you want to do it.
# This is dangerous.
rm -rf /path/to/directory

Basic Software 🔗

• curl - Making HTTP requests
• wget - Retrieve files from the web
• unzip - Unzip zip files
• git - Git version control
• ack - An advanced search tool for searching content of files
• htop - Interactive process viewer (better than the simple “top”)
• vim - Text editor.
• tmux - Terminal Multiplexor - Basically, split your terminal session into different panes
• software-properties-common - This is specific to Ubuntu. We’ll use it to add software repositories that allow us to install the latest software.

Install 🔗

sudo apt-get install curl wget unzip git ack-grep htop vim tmux software-properties-common